Severable head nut for gyratory crusher



A: -J. ROUBAL 2,883,218 EAD NUT FOR GYRATORYv CRUSHER I 2 sheets-sheet 1 April 21, 1959 SEVERABLEH April 22, 1954 Filed April 2l, 1959 A. J. ROUBAL SEVERABLE HEAD NUT FOR GYRATORY CRUSHER` Filed April 22. 1954 A 2 sheets-sheet 2 United States SEVERABLE HEAD NUT FOR GYRATORY CRUSl-ER Application April 22, 1954i,` Serial No. 424,342 Claims. (Cl. 287-52.01)

This. invention relates to gyratory Crushers and relates particularly toan improvement in head nuts of the selftightening` type for securing the head of the Crusher to the main shaft of the Crusher.

In gyratory crushers the main shaft thereof is provided with. a tapered portion for receiving the Crusher head. A. threaded section on the shaft above the tapered portion is provided for receiving a head nut for forcing the head downwardly onto the tapered portion of the shaft. When the crusher `is assembled at the factory or in the field, the headtnut is forcibly tightened against the top of the head and suitable pinning means for keying the head` nut` to the head are provided for preventing relative rotational movement between the head nut and the head.

When `the Crusher is put into operation, the large forces involved in crushing stoneor the like causes a diiierential rotational movement between the shaft and head. As thepinning means between the head nut and the head prevents relative rotational movement therebetweemthe head nut on thethreaded section of the shaft is also caused to rotate relative to the shaft. The rotational movement of the head nut relative to the portion of the shaft. This force also causes the bottom surface yof the head nut tobe pressed tightly against the top surface of the head such that the frictional force therebetween4 is quite large.

a hammering action by repeated impact of Ithe rock or other;v material being crushed. This hammeringA action fcausesthe working surface of the head to be peened such of the head and head nut.

Due to this tremendous frictional force it other means. in thismanner has thedisadvantages that( 1) the head nut 'on removing thehead nut is expensive.

In accordance with the present invention an improved arent 2i head. nutisprovided whichhas twoimain portions, one internally threaded portion being adapted to bescrewed on the threadedsection of the. crusher'shaft and the-other portion, which may comprise several parts, is adapted to bearon the top of the crusher` head. The two portions may be disconnected as byA cutting with a1 cutting torch pense.

Another object of the inventionisto provide a new and impioved head nut for gyratory cr-ushers which can be loosened without turningiiti relative to the Crusher head or the Crusher shaft.`

Other Iobjects and; advantages will` appear from a detailed descriptionioffthe invention, four embodiments of which. are` described below and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

inthe drawings:

Fig. 1 is aI sectional elevation of` agyratory` Crusher equipped` with a head nut` constructed inlaccordance with the present invention;

Fig.` 2` is an enlargedfragmentary` sectional view corresponding;` to a` portionv of*v Fig; l showing thedetails of the `crusher head` nut andris taken on line IIFII of Fig. 2 andi shows the upper head;

ting torch or a saw;

Fig. 6 is; a fragmentary end, view` of the headf nut shownn'nFig. 3 andsliows key/145;

Fig:` 7 is atfragment'ary` sectionalv view taken on line VIIih-VII of-Fig. 8and;shows'asmodiication ofthe head nut;

Fig. 8- is.` a fragmentary elevational? view of thehead nut shown in; Fig. 7;

Fig. 9-is; a@ fragmentary sectional view-` taken `on line IXIX of Fig. 10 and showsta` second' modification of the` head.` nutgV Fig. 10 is..a.fragmentaryelevational.view of the head nut showntinFigS;

Fig. 1l` is afragmentary` sectional viewx taken on line XI-XI of=` Eig.- 121and` shows athird modification ofthe headl nut; and

Referring to'Figi 1.. oft the drawing,.therefisshown a gyratony Crusher a lower frame upperframe` 12. forming the outer Shelli` of the Crusher chamber, a-.spider 13 mounted on: upper frame 1'2. and ai `centrally locatedgyratable'` shaft.` 14A having the#` usual tapered portion 15.: Shaftt14i issuspended atfthefupper end.thereof.l`b a suspension devicer19,mounted-.ire` spider 13 andis rotatably. fulcrumediiniai universali type bearing 20.mounted.` inwspideri 13. Shaft 14 isgyrated .at itsz-lower en'di by an actuating,y eccentric. sleeve-.21 in: whichzu. the lower end of shaft 14 is rotatably journaled. Eccentric ay plan` viewot]r the` head nut shown in sleeve 21 has a cylindrical external surface journaled in the hub portion 11 of lower frame 10 and the internal bore of sleeve 21 is eccentric to and has its axis inclined relative to the external surface of sleeve 21. Eccentric sleeve 21 is rotatably supported by a supporting bearing 22 on lower frame 10 and carries a ring gear 23 which is driven by a driving pinion 24. Pinion 24 is mounted on a horizontally disposed shaft 25 which is rotatably mounted in the lower frame and equipped with a dr'ven actuating pulley 26 or the like.

Secured within upper frame 12 is an outer crusher member or concave 30. A11 inner frusto-conical crusher member or head 31 is secured to shaft 14 and is spaced from concave 30 to form a crushing chamber 32 therebetween. Head 31 as illustrated herein lcomprises a head center 35 adapted to fit the tapered portion 15 of shaft 14 and a head mantle 36 adapted to be fitted on head center 35. The head 31 may consist of only one part, however, as it often is in practice. The term head as used in the appended claims is intended to cover any type of crusher head which is fitted on the tapered portion of the main shaft 14 regardless of whether the head comprises only one or a plurality of parts.

The foregoing is typical of `most gyratory crushers and the improved head nut to which the present invention is directed will now be explained.

Referring to Fig. 1 and specifically to Figs., 2 and 3, a threaded section 40 is provided on shaft 14 above the tapered portion for receiving a head nut 41. Head nut 41 functions to secure head 31 to the tapered portion 15 of shaft 14. Head nut 41 is constructed in accordance with the present invention with an annularly shaped portion 42 which is internally threaded for engagement with the threaded section 40 of shaft 14, a ring shaped portion 43 coaxially positioned relative to threaded element 42 and having a lower surface 44 adapted to engage the upper surface of crusher head 31, and connecting means for connecting threaded portion 42 and ring portion 43 together to form head nut 41 which are illustrated herein as a plurality of bar shaped pieces 45 disposed and secured as by welding between threaded portion 42 and ring portion 43. Threaded portion 42 is provided on the upper part thereof with an annular ange 46. Ring portion 43 surrounds the lower part of threaded portion 42 in coaxial, axially spaced relation to flange 46 such that ring portion 43 is axially movable relative to threaded portion 42 prior to the installation of bar shaped pieces 45. Bar shaped pieces 45 are disposed between ring portion 43 and flange 46 and welded in position to complete the construction of head nut 41. As a precautionary measure to reduce the forces transmitted to the welds for bars 45, radial slots may be provided in threaded portion 42 and flange 46 to accommodate an oversized bar shaped piece 145 which is welded to ring portion 43 and abuts a vertical surface of the slot in ange 46.

Ring portion 43 has a plurality of semieircular recesses 50 formed in lower surface 44; and, as shown in Fig. 4, the upper surface of the head mantle 36 of the head 31 is provided with a plurality of semicircular recesses 51. Upon tightening head nut 41, pins 52 may be inserted to key head nut 41 to the crusher head 31 to prevent relative rotation therebetween. This method of keying the head nut to the crusher head is old but is referred to so that the differential movement between the head 31 and shaft 14 explained in the introduction of this specicaton may be better understood.

When shaft 14 is caused to gyrate, the material such as stone or the like being crushed in crushing chamber 32 exerts forces on head 31 in a direction opposite the direction of gyration such that head 31 and head nut 41 are rotated relative to shaft 14. This rotation of head nut 41 relative to the threaded section 40 of shaft 14 causes a large force to be transmitted in a downward direction from head nut 41 so as to increase the initialy wedging force between head 31 and the tapered portion 15 of shaft 14. The force with which the bottom surface of head nut 41, which is usually made of cast steel, and the top surface of head mantle 36 are pressed together causes the frictional force therebetween to be large.

As stated in the introduction of this specification, however, there is a contributing factor which makes it impractical to loosen the head nut by turning. This factor is the cold working of the head at the junction of the head nut and head caused by the impacting of the material being crushed. The resulting frictional force between the head and head nut becomes so great that the head nut cannot be loosened by turning and, with prior art head nut constructions, it is necessary to physically destroy the head nut as with a cutting torch to remove it from the crusher shaft.

In Fig. 5 it is illustrated how expediently the head nut 41 described and claimed herein can be removed from a crusher shaft. When it is desired to remove head nut 41 from shaft 14, cutting means such as a cutting torch or a saw are utilized to cut through bars 45 and bar so as to disconnect ring portion 43 from threaded portion 42. Ring portion 43 is thereby made axially movable relative to threaded portion 42 and may be lifted vertically from the head 31 as with a prying tool and need not be rotated relative to head 31. Threaded portion 42 may then be easily unscrewed from the threaded section 40 of shaft 14 because the vertical tightening forces transmitted to threaded portion 42 through bars 45 are eliminated when the bars are cut.

Referring to Fig. 3, head nut 41 may easily be reconditioned by welding a new set of bars 45 in the circumferential spaces between the bars which were cut. An alternative procedure would be to machine the lower surface on flange 46 and the upper surface on ring portion 43 to remove the remaining portions of bars 45 and bar 145 which have been cut and install a new set of bars in the same positions shown in Fig. 3.

A second embodiment of a head nut constructed in ac cordance with the invention is shown in Figs. 7 and 8. The head nut 241 there shown comprises an annularly shaped portion 242 which is internally threaded for engagement with the threaded section of a gyratory crusher shaft and `means positioned coaxially relative to internally threaded portion 2.42 which comprises downwardly extending, circumferentially spaced lugs 245 joined thereto as by welding which iare `adapted `to engage the upper surface of a gyratory crusher head. One or more of the lugs 245 is provided with a semicircular recess 250 formed in the lower surface 244 thereof which aligns a similarly shaped recess 251 in the upper surface lof a gyratory crusher head mantle 236 so that a pin 252 may be inserted to prevent relative rotation therebetween. Lugs 245 are susceptible of being severed as by cutting to relieve the axial pressure transmitted therethrough and thereby permit internally threaded portion 242 Vto be easily unscrewed from the threaded section of the crusher shaft. Head nut 241 may then be reconditioned by welding a new set of bars or lugs in the space between the lugs 245 which were cut. An alternative procedure would be to machine the lower surface of internally threaded portion 242 to remove the remaining portions of lugs 245 which have been cut `'and install a new set lof lugs in the same positions shown in Fig. 8.

A third head nut embodying the invention is shown in Figs. 9 and l0. The head nut 341 there shown oomprises an annularly shaped portion 342 which is internally threaded for engagement with the threaded section of a gyratory crusher shaft `and la ring shaped portion 343 coaxially positioned relative to threaded portion `342 and having a lower surface 344 adapted to engage the upper surface of a gyratory crusher head. A keying arrangement for preventing relative rotation between ring portion 343 and head mantle 336 comprises semicircular asssnls recesses 350 formed in the lower surface 344" ofring portion 343 which aligns with a semicircularrecess 351 in the upper surface of head Anantle 336so that a pin 352 may be inserted. Internally threaded portion` 342 `is provided with a iiange 346 which has a plurality of radially extending, circumferentially spaced recesses` 347 formed in the lower surface thereof. Ring portion 343, which surrounds the lower portion of, threaded portion 342 in axially spaced relation to flange 3de, has a corresponding plurality -of similarly arranged recesses 348 in the upper surface thereof. The recesses 347 in liange 3,46 are axially aligned respectively with recesses 348 in ring portion 34? and bushings easily unscrewed from the threaded section of a crusher shaft. Head nut 341 may then be reconditioned by simply installing a new set of bushings 345.

A fourth head nut embodying the invention is shown in Figs. ll and l2. The headnut 441 there shown comprises an annularly shaped portion 542 which is internally threaded for engagement with the threaded section of a gyratory crusher shaft and a ring shaped portion 443 ooaxially positioned relative to threaded portion 442 in surrounding relation thereto and adapted to engage the upper surface of a gyratory crusher head. A keying arrangement for preventing relative rotation between ring portion 443 and head mantle 36 comprises semi-,circular recesses 450 formed in the lower surface 44d of ring portion 443 which aligns with a semicircular recess 451 in the upper surface of head mantle 436 so that a pin 45,2 may be inserted. Threadedportion 442 is provided'with a circumferentially extending recess 447 in the ,outer surface thereof in which are disposed a plurality of arcuate shaped bars ddd which extend radially therefrom. Ring portion M3 has a c'ounterbore formed in the upper part thereof such that an annularly shaped, upwardly fac ing abutment 448 is formed` which contacts the radially extending portions :of bars 445; Bars 445 are welded fto threaded portion .442 and ring portion 414310 prevent relative axial and rotational movement therebetween. Bars 445 are susceptible ofbeing at leastpartially removable or severed as by cutting :to relieve the `axial pressure transmitted therethrough to threaded portion 442 and thereby permit threaded portion 4421'to be easily` unthe threaded sectionof a crusher shaft. may thenlbe reconditioned by removing the remaining portions of bars 445 which have been cut andinstalling a new set of bars 44S.

In accordance with the invention it is a characteristic of each of the four head nuts disclosed herein that plortions of each head nut which transmit axial pressure from the head of the crusher'to the-annularly shaped, internally threaded portion of the head nut are susceptible of being at least partially removable as by cutting or by rother means. This has the effect of relieving the axial pressure transmitted to the threaded portion of the head nut and thereby permits the threaded portion of the head nut to be easily unscrewed from the threaded section of a crusher shaft.

As will be obvious .to a person skilled in the art, there are a variety 'of ways that head nut illustrated herein, may be oonstructed to accomplish the objects of the invention. It will thus be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited to the precise details of the head nut described and illustrated but that, within the scope tof the appended claims, the head nut may be modified by such equivalents as may readily occur to persons skilled in the art to which the invention pertains.

It is claimed and desired to secure byxLetters Patent:

gyratory crusherof the type having above the tapered portion and having a crusher head with a taperedinternal lbore forcibly engaging the tapered portion of the shaft, comprising,

internally threaded tion of the gyrator structure secured t an annularly shaped portion for engagement with the threaded secy crushershaft, a severable connecting o said internally threaded portionand positioned coaxially relative to said internally threaded portion and having a lower surface adapted to enga-ge the upper surface of the gyratory crusher head, said structure including severable detent means extending upwardly into engagement with said annular shapedportion to prevent relative axial and rotational movement therebetween While said severabledetent means remain in nonsevered condition; a removable key operatively interposed in interlocking relationship between said lower surface of said structure and said upper, surface of said crusher head, said annularly shaped por tion becoming movable relative to `said interlocked connecting structure and crusher head upon severance of said severable detent means to permit the internally threaded portion to be unscrewed from the crusher shaft.

tion of the shaft, comprising, internally threaded for engagement with gyratory crusher shaft, a positioned coaxially relative to said tion of a an annularly shaped portion the threaded secring shaped portion internally threaded portion and having a lower surface adapted to engage the 'upper surface of a gyratory crusher head, said ring portion beingformed so asto' be axially movable.relativetosaid 'internally threaded portion, aremovable keyl interposed member secured between said internally threaded portion and said ring portion to prevent relative axial and rotational movement therebetween, said member being atleast partially removabl e as by cutting to permit axial movement of said ring portion relative to said internally threaded portion.

3. A head nut for a gyratory crusher, comprising, an

annularly shaped portion internally threaded for engagement with the threaded a ring shaped porti internally threaded portion and thereof extending section of a gyratory 'crusher shaft, on positioned, -coaxially relative to` said having at least a part below said internally threaded portion said internally threaded portion.

4. A head nut for a gyratory crusher, comprising, an

annularly shaped portion internally threaded for engage ment with the threaded a ring shaped portion positioned section of a gyratory crusher shaft, coaxially relative to said internally threaded portion having at least a part thereof extending below sa ing a lower surfac of a gyratory crusher head,

id internally threaded portion and have adapted to engage the upper surface said ring portion ybeing formed so as to be axially movable relative to said internally threaded portion,

a removable key interposed between said ring shaped portion and said upper surface of said gyratory `crusher head, and at least one detachable connecting member se cured between said internally threaded portion and said ring portion to prevent relative axial and rotational movement therebetween.

5. A head nut for a gyratory crusher, comprising, an annularly shaped portion internally threaded for engagement with the threaded section of a gyratory crusher shaft, a ring shaped portion surrounding said internally threaded portion in axially movable relation thereto and having the bottom surface thereof adapted to engage the upper surface of a gyratory crusher head, said ring shaped portion having severable detent means extending upwardly therefrom into engagement with said internally threaded portion to prevent relative movement therebetween; and a removable key interposed between in interlocking relationship with said bottom surface of said ring shaped portion and said upper surface of said gyratory crusher head to prevent relative movement therebetween.

6. A head nut for a gyratory crusher of the type having a shaft with a tapered portion and a threaded section above the tapered portion and having a crusher head with a tapered internal bore forcibly engaging the tapered portion of the shaft, comprising, an annularly shaped portion internally threaded for engagement with the threaded section of a gyratory crusher shaft, a ring shaped portion surrounding said internally threaded portion in axially movable relation thereto and having at least a part thereof extending below said internally threaded portion and hav- `ing a lower surface adapted to engage the upper surface of a gyratory crusher head, a removable key interposed between said ring shaped portion and said upper surface of said `gyratory crusher head, and at least one severable member welded between said internally threaded portion and said ring portion to prevent relative axial and rotational movement therebetween.

7. A head nut for a gyratory crusher, comprising, an annularly shaped portion internally threaded for engagement with the threaded section of a gyratoiy crusher shaft and having a ange on the upper part thereof, a ring shaped portion surrounding the lower part of said internally threaded portion in axially spaced relation to said flange and having the bottom surface thereof adapted to engage the upper surface of a gyratory crusher head, a removable key interposed between said ring shaped portion and said upper surface of said gyratory crusher head and a plurality of generally bar shaped pieces welded between said ring portion and said ange to prevent relative axial and rotational movement between said ring portion and said internally threaded portion, each of said bar shaped pieces being partially removable as by cutting to permit axial movement of said ring portion relative to said internally threaded portion.

8. A head nut for a gyratory crusher, comprising, an annularly shaped portion internally threaded for engagement with the threaded section of a gyratory crusher shaft, means positioned coaxially relative -to said internally threaded portion which comprises downwardly extending, cineumferentially spaced severable lugs which are adapted to engage the upper surface of a gyratory crusher head, said internally threaded portion and said lugs being joined to prevent relative axial and rotational movement therebetween, a removable key interposed between at least one of said lugs and said upper surface of said crusher head.

9. A head nut for a gyratory crusher, comprising, an annularly shaped portion internally threaded for engagement with the threaded section for a gyratory crusher shaft and having a liange on the upper part thereof and a plurality of circumferentially spaced radially extending recesses formed in the lower surface thereof, a ring shaped portion surrounding the lower part of said threaded portion in axially spaced relation to said lian-ge and having a corresponding plurality of similarly arranged recesses formed in the upper surface thereof, said ring portion having a bottom surface adapted to engage the upper surface of a gyratory crusher head, a plurality of cylindrically shaped bushings respectively removably disposed between axially aligned recesses of said ring portion and said ange and connected by screws to said internally threaded portion to prevent relative axial and rotational movement between said ring portion and said internally threaded portion, and a removable key interposed between said ring shaped portion and said upper surface of said gyratory 'crusher head, each of said bushings being at least partially removable to permit axial movement of said ring member relative to said threaded element.

l0. A head nut for a gyratory crusher, comprising, an annularly shaped portion having an inner and an outer surface, said inner surface being threaded for engagement with the threaded section of a gyratory crusher shaft and said outer surface having a circumferentially extending recess formed therein, a ring portion surrounding said internally threaded portion in axially movable relation thereto and having a lower surface adapted to engage the fupper surface of a gyratory crusher head said ring portion being counterbored in the upper part thereof to form an upwardly facing abutment, and a plurality of arcuate shaped bars connecting said internally threaded portion and said ring portion to prevent relative axial movement therebetween, said bars being disposed in said recess in circumferentially spaced relation and extend` radially therefrom and are weldingly connected to said internally threaded portion and to the abutment on said ring portion, and a removable key interposed between said ring portion and said upper surface of said gyratory crusher head, said bars being at least partially removable as by cutting to thereby permit relative axial movement between said internally threaded portion and said ring portion.

References Cited in the le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE 0F CORRECTION Patent No.l 208839218 April ,2ly 1959 l Alexander J Rou'bel It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed Specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction and that the said Letters Patent should read as corrected below.

Column 8 1, line 5j for section forH read e section of mu Signed and. Sealed this 11th day of August i959zx (SEAL) Attest:

KARL AXILINE Attesting Officer ROBERT C. WATSON Commissioner of Patents 

